九年级英语课件第1篇一、背景知识介绍。初中阶段对于英语写作的要求，实际上是“有指导的写作”(GuidedWriting)。它通过提供情景(文字、图画、表格)，让学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或事件并表下面是小编为大家整理的九年级英语课件6篇,供大家参考。
一、背景知识介绍。
初中阶段对于英语写作的要求，实际上是“有指导的写作”(Guided Writing)。
它通过提供情景(文字、图画、表格)，让学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或事件并表达一定的思想，以此达成和检验对所学英语语言知识的实践应用能力。客观地说，书面表达一直是我们英语教学的一个难点，也是学生应试的一个难点。
从去年对乐清市中考英语试卷的抽样调查情况来看，英语写作是得分最为薄弱的一个题项，平均分只有4.7分（满分为20分）。究其原因，一是学生写作练习的时间少，二是教师平时缺乏对学生进行系统的写作知识的指导。（比如，如何用词、句、组段、谋篇等）。这些原因造成了学生从最初不会写盲目写到不愿写。
惧怕写，直至最后拒绝写的恶性循环。针对这一现象，我在柳市镇一中进行了一次如何提高学生写作能力的课堂实践。写作的材料取自于高一新教材第一单元的“Reading and writing”。
教师旨在通过与学生谈论他们熟悉的话题“making friends”, 搜索学生头脑中有关朋友的消息，通过阅读两则e-pal广告，获取e-pals的一些信息，指导如何写e-mail ，从而达到给e-pals 写信的目的。
二、教学过程。
1．Warm-up活动：通过听一首英语歌：“The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.”目的是活跃气氛，为引出今天的话题做准备。
2．Revision ①使用大脑风暴法（brainstorm）让学生想出一些和friends 有关的单词短语和语句，目的是激活学生头脑中和写作话题make friends 相关的东西，如想法、概念、形象等酝酿写作的思路，供拟稿阶段（drafting stage）选择有写的价值和意义的东西时参考。]
②根据下列所给提示介绍你的朋友（四人一小组活动）。
⑴Name and age.
⑵Where he / she comes from subject?
⑶What he is?
⑷What his / her friend?
⑸looks（外貌）
⑹personality（性格）
⑺His / Her drean
⑻……
3．Pre-reading
通过提问，How can you know your friends, if you haven’t seen each other for a long time?
联系朋友有很多方法，但是 One of the best ways is sending e-mails to them. Do you know why?过渡今天话题的材料，快速看完两则e-pal广告，找出答案。
4．While-reading，读两则广告，了解Mary和Jack完成表格
Name Age Hobbies Looks Personality E-mail added Wish Where she…
5．Post-reading
引导学生讨论：Do you like to make e-pals with Mary or Jack? Why?
当大部分学生都持肯定观点时进一步思索，What will you write in you e-mail to them? 为下面事实写作埋下伏笔，提供铺垫。
6．While-Writing.
教会学生正确使用e-mail格式，同时提供关于朋友和友谊的一些精彩语句，为学生写作提供素材。
7．Post-writing. 提供写作标准
要求学生根据这个标准，修改自己的e-mail.
1. Do you use the tense (时态)，spelling(拼写)，punctuation (标点)，
capitalization( 大写字母)correctly?
2. I s your e-mail complete(完整的)?
3.Is your e-mail coherently(连贯地)written?
4.Can you describe yourself in a concise（简洁的）way?
5.Are there any complex sentences（复合句）in your e-mail?
目的是通过自改，有助于他们提高书面表达中的语言准确性，提高了学生通过自己独立思考，来解决问题的能力。
8．Share the writing.
两篇学生习作，选自一位基础较好的同学和一位基础一般的同学的作文。
教师根据上述提供的写作标准，详细点评两篇习作的篇章结构和句法功能。目的是使学生尽力领会教师对文章的点评，培养学生选词和用词的能力，指导学生多模仿好文章的优点。
三、本堂课中的精彩片段。
就整节课而言，这无疑是一堂令人喝彩的课，无论是从学生参与课堂实践的积极性来看，还是从学生出色完成教师布置的任务后而展示的成果来看，都给听课的老师留下了一种意犹未尽的印象。而我自己觉得其中有两个精彩片段更值得与同行们分享。
☆使用brainstorming培养学生在英语写作中自主学习的能力。
Brainstorming 这种外语教学中常用的教学技巧可直评为“头脑风暴法”是一种通过小型会议的组织形式，让所有参加者在自由、愉快、畅所欲言的气氛中自由交换观点，并以此诱发集体智慧，激发学习者创意与灵感的学习方法。
在英语课中的 pre-writing阶段，使用brainstorming对促进学生的自主学习，发展学生写的能力起着积极的促进作用。
Brainstorming在本堂写作一课中的应用实例。
1.围绕话题：“friends and friendship”进行Brainstorming。
教师使用web-spider在黑板的一侧写下学生能够想到的单词、词组和语句，
friends and friendship
结合学生思维一下子开阔起来，下面是学生讨论后呈现出来的词和短语：good friends, boy friends, girl friends, pen friends, friends are important, my friends are handsome/ugly, I want to make friends with you, friends in need are friends indeed….
在这个阶段，教师引导和鼓励学生积极参与讨论，并把每个学生的发言要点写在黑板上，出现有个学生用英语表述“患难之交才是真正的朋友”对允许其先说出中文，然后向全班同学或老师求助。
2．当学生完成careful reading之后，围绕话题：Write an email to one of the e-pals.
教师通过两个问题进行引导。
①Do you like to write an e-mail to Mary or Jack? Why?
②What will you write in your e-mail?
让学生进行小组活动，互相启发，把双方的想法清晰化和条理化，并用英语口头表述出来。我把学生讨论的结果通过投影形式展现出来。
⑴ I want to make friends with Jack because I like playing basketball too.
⑵ I want to make friends with Mary because she is a girl.
⑶ I want to make friends with Jack because I can visit his country.
⑷ I want to make friends with Jack because he is very handsome
….
至于第二个问题，学生想到的就越多了：I will tell him/her about my family, my hobby ,my interests, my good friends ,my hometown, my study, my teachers, my dream, my QQ number and my telephone , my school…
下面是Brainstorming 之后一个学生写出的短文。
Dear Mary,
My name is Gu Bo. I ‘m a 14-year-old girl
四．反思评价
写作是一个由浅入深、由易到难、由简到繁的训练过程，任何一个环节出问题都会影响对学生写作能力的培养。因此，盲目的训练往往多做无用功，我们必须在平时就十分注重方法与技巧。
4.1 注意多种训练方法相结合。
与任务(task)相结合。有目的的写作常能更好地调动学生的积极性，所以在培养学生这方面的能力时，应尽量与教学的多种任务相结合，而不是纯粹布置一篇作文。贯穿这节写作课的也是一系列的任务：
Activity1: Write out some words, phrases and sentences about friends and friendship.
Activity2: Please introduce your friend to us.
Activity3: Read the two ads(广告). Get to know Mary and Jack
Activity4: Write an e-mail to Mary or Jack
组织多样的小组活动。新世纪中，我们很重视培养学生的合作精神，而小组活动就是培养其合作精神的.捷径。这堂写作课中在pre-writing时采取二人小组活动，四人小组活动，组织学生在小组活动中共同完成教师呈现的任务，从而降低其难度，使基础好的同学在写作时起点更高，基础较差的同学也能言之有物，互相启发，共同提高。如资料、信息的搜集，材料关键点的把握，文章完成后的修改等。
4.2平时注重解题技巧的养成：
1. 准备工作
①.仔细审题，明确要求。罗列题目所提供的信息，然后认真分析，审清题意后，把要求表达的各个要点按顺序和层次一一列出。
②.紧扣要点，寻求思路。草拟一个提纲，按时间、空间或逻辑顺序，确定开头，再围绕这一顺序，周密选词、选句，并拟好如何结尾（可适当发表自己的观点）。
2. 写作之中
①.开门见山，紧扣主题。如写参观农场的日记，就可用“Last Sunday we visited the West Hill Farm.” 直接说明时间及地点。如写的是关于度假的，则可以“We had a happy holiday in Jiaxin last Sunday.” 来开头等等。
②.语言正确，规范地道。尽量使用学过的、最熟悉也最有把握的句型、结构，应尽量避免中国式英语。要养成正确运用标点符号的好习惯，切忌一点到底的错误方法。（I spent 10 yuan buy the book. He by bike to school.）
③.重短轻长, 就易避难。重短轻长--写短句忌长句，由写简易语句开始，即“主语（谁）谓语（做/是）宾语/表语（什么），应尽量写出自己最有把握，最熟悉的语句，避免写长句，以写正确、通顺为最基本要求。就易避难--多用简单句少用复合句，首先在写好简单句的基础上然后可逐步过渡到较为复杂的复合句，例如用when, before等连词引导的从句。整个语句越长，出错的可能性就越大。
④.过渡自然，表达流畅。注意前后句、上下文尽量过渡自然，正确使用and, or, but, because, so, then, after等词，保持行文的流畅。不重复使用可置换的词，如前面提到了Jim这个人，后面再出现就可用he来供代替，但要注意前后的一致性。
⑤．适当评论，发表己见。结尾处用1-2句话发表一点自己的看法，往往有画龙点睛之妙。
学生比较精彩的结尾有：
I am looking forward to hearing from you soon!
What a happy girl I will be!
3.成文之后
鼓励学生学会批改自己的习作。
①.一般语法项目的检查--英语中的人称、时态、单复数、习惯用法等都是非常重要的，即使在朗读中好像全理解，但在动笔的实践中就往往出错。
②.注意语序--英语中的疑问句、感叹句和宾语从句都是通过语序的变化来构成和体现的，不注意会出现错误和意义上混淆。
如：
Jim works very hard. So does Jack.(前后主语非一人)
A: Jim works very hard.
B: So he does.(前后主语为一人)
He didn’t know where the bookshop was.
The boys want to know how they should do it.
③.符合习惯--说英语的国家有自己民族的文化、习俗、情感、思维方式、生活习惯等。受母语思维定式的影响，应避免在练笔当中受母语的干扰，要注意语言表达地道。例如汉语“我的工作很忙。”就不能用英语My work is very busy. 来表达，而应当说I’m very busy with my work.又如：有的同学在表达很常用的“我很喜欢它”时，会说“I very much like it.”, 而其正确表达应是 “I like it very much.”
④.书写规范，卷面整洁。卷面不整洁，使人无法看清你写的究竟是什么，那么就可能按错处理。所以在写时，如时间允许，应先打草稿，修改后再抄清楚。
4.3坚持循序渐进的训练原则。
“在开展笔语训练时，循序渐进包含两个内容。从形式上看，在造句练习的基础上，开展连贯的笔头作业或作文，即从短到长。从质量上看，在简单的连贯性的笔头作业基础上，开展要求较高的作文练习。两者之间并无矛盾，关键在于循序”（李庭芗，1983）所以，写作要先易后难，先短后长，先学会运用简单句、并列句，后学会用复合句表达，先写正确语句逐步过渡到围绕一个人、一件事、一个观点去写有中心的文章，由不限定时间到限定时间，由限定时间长到限定时间短，由限定字数少到多……
4.4注意文章的讲评。
高度重视范文的讲评，教师应认真准备，而学生则应尽力领会教师对文章的点评，指导学生多模仿好文章的优点，特别是应提倡模仿以英语为本族语的人所写的东西，看他们如何组织写作，如何运用词语和语句”（贾冠杰，1996）同进，指出不佳文章的缺点，引起学生注意并在写作中注意尽量避免。以下的学生作文和中考范文的对比，相信能给大家一点启示。
一、教材分析
定语从句是本单元的语法要点，是在1-8单元已经对该语法知识有所渗透的前提下安排的。本节课话题是让学生体会音乐在生活中无处不在，体会不同类型音乐的特点，学会热爱生活；
能用简单的定语从句形式表述自己的观点。通过本节的学习，增强学生对复合句的理解，提高其对此句式的应用能力。
二、 三维目标
1、知识目标：
掌握本单元基本词汇，学会恰当的使用引导词that ,who
2、能力目标
1）掌握功能句“What kind of music do you like ? I like music that I can dance to . I love singers who can write their ownmusic.”
2）能够自如地谈论自己所喜欢的音乐和音乐家。
3、情感目标：
通过学生谈论对音乐和音乐家的好恶，从而使学生学会欣赏音乐的美。
三、教学重点
1）本节课的教学重点是学会并掌握先行词为物或者人时，引导词“that ,who ”的使用方法。
2）“prefer …to…”的用法
3）掌握有关音乐的词汇和相关的词组，能够比较流利地描述自己喜欢的音乐，运用功能句 “What kind of music do you like ? I like music that I can dance to . I love singers who can write their own music.”
四、教学难点
定语从句运用
五、教学策略
采用任务型语言教学，实施情境教学法、小组合作探究法、情感激励法。
六、教学准备
自制多媒体课件（PowerPoint）；
录音机(A tape recorder)
七、教学环节
1、课堂导入
⑴ Warming up
⑵ Discuss: Do you like music? What kind ofmusic do you know?
⑶ There aremany kinds of music such as pop ,jazz, rock……. Let Sstalk about the kinds of music..（多媒体出示）
⑷Let Ss read 1a. Explain the sentences:
I prefermusic that has great lyrics=I like music that has great lyrics better.
lyrics:the plural form is often used.
Ask Ss topractice in pairs then make up a short passage using the four sentences on thescreen.
2、课堂讲授
Explain attributive clauses.
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。先行词是“人”时，用关系代词who引导，先行词是“物”时，用关系代词that来引导
I love singers who write their ownmusic
I like music that I can dance to.
a. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；
它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
b. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
c. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all,anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
d. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
e. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
3、课堂练习
Fill inthe blank with who that
1）.I have a brother _______likes soccer.
2）Tom doesn’t like movies_______are too long and too scary.
3） We prefer groups ________ play loud and energetic songs.
4） He likes friends_________ often help each other
4、课堂活动
1) Askand answer in pairs:
What kindof music do you like best? Why?
I like popmusic/classical music/jazz music/country music/dance music, etc. And tell thereasons.
2) Listento four pieces of music .Then practice the conversation in pairs.
3) Showseveral pictures and introduce their favorite singers ,groups and so on..
4) Practice in pairs and talk about their favorite kinds ofsongs, singers and groups.
5) Listenand complete 1b,2a and 2b.
5、课堂小结
在定语从句中，先行词是“人”时，用关系代词who引导，先行词是“物”时，用关系代词that来引导。
I love singers who write their ownmusic
I like music that I can dance to.
who / that 在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致
I prefershoes that are cool.
I like apizza that is really delicious.
I lovesingers who are beautiful.
I have afriend who plays sports.
6、作业布置
Write a composition about the kinds of the friends they likeand dislike
八、板书设计
Unit9 I like music that I can dance to
1.prefer….to….=like …better than……
Iprefer singing to dancing
2.Attributiveclauses(定语从句).
I love singers who write their ownmusic
先行词 “人”
I like music that I can danceto.
先行词 “物”
九、教学反思
通过本单元的学习，不仅能使学生学会本单元的功能句，而且通过创设情境调动学生的积极性和自主性，使学生敢于用英语交流和表达，学习中遇到困难，愿意主动向他人请教，并有较强的合作精神，使学生进一步体会到英语学习的快乐与成就。
【课 题】
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou
Section A 1a-1c 教师复备栏或
学生笔记栏
人教版九年级英语unit2课件
掌握生词lantern /lnt (r)n/ n. 灯笼 p.9
掌握短语What a great day! kind of like
掌握感叹句结构、直接引语和间接引语
【学习重点难点】 掌握感叹句结构、直接引语和间接引语
【学法指导】 运用已有经验--听---说---听力训练—作业巩固
【教学过程】
一、 导入（启发探究 3分
你知道下面这4种节日的英语说法吗？试试吧！
泼水节 龙舟节
春节 元宵节
有关这4种节日的来源、传说、习俗、饮食、文化、庆祝方式有哪些？你能说出一些吗？
二、自学（自主探究 6分钟）
找出4种节日的英语，朗读并记忆，完成1 a
泼水节 Water Festival 龙舟节 the Dragon Boat Festival
春节 The Spring Festival 元宵节 the lantern Festival
三、交流（合作探究 10分钟）
听力训练，完成1b
1、 朗读1b句子，理解含义
2、 Listen and circle T for true or F for false.
3、 同桌核对答案
4、 听后填空
Mary: What a day!
Bill: Yes, it was really fun !
Mary: What did you like best?
Bill: I loved the ! They were really to watch. How fantastic the boat teams were!
Mary: Yes! And look at the colors of the boats. How they were!
Bill: I agree! But I guess it was a little too .
Mary: I don’t know…I kind of like to have more people around. It makes things exciting.
Bill: That’s true. Oh, and I really liked zongzi.
Mary: Oh, me too! The sweet ones are my favorite.
Bill: I if they’ll have the races again next year.
Mary: Of course! They have them every year.
Bill: Then I believe that I’ll be back again next year to watch the races!
Mary: Me, too!
5、朗读听力材料，勾画短语
What a great day! kind of like
It makes things more exciting be back again to + V
感叹句结构
感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。一般说来，感叹句是由 what 或 how 开头的,其余与陈述句结构相同, 句末用感叹句，朗读时用降调。
由what引导的感叹句
what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：
1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：
What an apple this is!
What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What kind women they are!
What nice music it is!
由How引导的感叹句
how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the worker are working!
How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
6、给下列句子加上适当的主句Mary Bill thinks guesses believse让其成为宾语从句：
They were really interesting to watch
The colors of the boats were pretty
It was a little too crowded.
It makes things more exciting.
They’ll have the races again next year.
I’ll be back again next year to watch the races!
四、总结（引深探究 15分钟）
再次朗读1b句子，理解结构
直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。一这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；
间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句连接.
典型例句：1. She said ,” I like English very much. “ （直接引语）
（她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。）
典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. （间接引语）
（她说她非常喜欢英语。）
直接引语变间接引语（一）
人称变化
人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化
Eg：She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”
→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人“你”所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的`主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称
Eg：He said to Kate，"How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化
Eg：Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
五、练评（包含“考点链接” 应用探究 6分钟）
I 选填How What完成感叹句练习
1. ____ great fun it is to swim! 2._________ useful book this is !
3._____ a fine day it is today ! 4._______ hard work it is !
5.______ bad weather it was yesterday! 6.______ hard job this is!
7.______ terrible news we heard last night
8.______ good time we have every weekend!
9.______ long the bridge is! 10.______ long bridge this is!
11. ______ happy children ! 12. ______ friendly these kids!
13. ______ interesting book he has! 14. ______ time flies!
II 将下列直接引语变为间接引语。
1.Miss Gao said,“I like living here.”
Miss Gao said that living .
2.He said,“I’ll go tomorrow.”
He said that he .
3.My mother said：“I am going to make dumplings”.
__________________________.
4.She said：“I do homework every day.”____________________________________.
5.He said：“I will play basketball this night.”
_________________________________.
III 填空完成句子
1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games.
2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？
Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower?
5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer..
【教学反思】
刘营初中 九 年级 英语 教学案
执 笔 龚琴 审 核 初三英语组 课 型 听说课 课 时 1
授课人 授课时间 姓 名 学案编号 2
【课 题】
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are deliciou
Section A 2a-2c 教师复备栏或
学生笔记栏
【学习目标】
掌握本页生词
stranger /streind (r)/ n. 陌生人 relative /reltiv/ n. 亲属；
亲戚
掌握短语put on 增加（体重）；
发胖
句子June would be a perfect time for you to visit.
【学习重点难点】 继续学习宾语从句
【学法指导】 自学单词---听说句子----听力练习----巩固练习
【教学过程】
一、导入（启发探究 3分钟）
在假期中你去过哪儿？做了些什么？说出来与同学们分享一下。
Where have you been in this summer holiday?
When did you go ?
Why did you go there ?
二、自学（自主探究 6分钟）
拼读生词，记忆汉语
stranger /streind (r)/ n. 陌生人p.10
relative /reltiv/ n. 亲属；
亲戚 p.10
put on 增加（体重）；
发胖 p.10
pound /paund/ n. 磅（重量单位）；
英镑p.10
生词学习
1、relative,relation,relations
2、put on 增加（体重），发胖
put on 穿上 put on weight put on ten kilos
3、pound n. 磅（重量单位）英镑（英国货币单位）
增加10磅 put on 10 pounds
The apples cost one dollar a pound.
生词检测
I am new in this city , so I am a ___________.
He often eats a lot,so he 20 pounds again.
Jenny is the only in that big city.
三、交流（合作探究 10分钟）
完成2a2b并交流
Read the sentencs in 2a,try to know their meanings
Listen to the conversation between Wu Ming and Harry and CIRCLE the correct words in the sentences.
Listen again, Wu Ming did a lot of fun activities, but there were also downsides. Listen again and fill in the chart.
Check the answers to 2a and 2b in pair.
再次仔细听磁带，填空
Harry: What did you do on your vacation, Wu Ming?
Wu Ming: I visited my aunt and uncle in Hong Kong.
Harry: Wow! So what did you do?
Wu Ming: Well, we out a lot.
I believe that we ate at least five meals a day!
How delicious the food is! I’ve put on five pounds!
Harry: Haha! Yes, the food in Hong Kong i s delicious.
What else did you do?
Wu Ming: Shopping, of course. Hong Kong is a great place for shopping! I spent so much money.
Harry: So what was the best of the trip?
Wu Ming: Oh, the Dragon Boat Festival for .
They had teams from all over the world!
Harry: I’m planning a to Hong Kong next year.
I wonder whether June is a good time.
Wu Ming: Yes, if you want to see the boat races.
But it’s hot in June. That’s one thing I didn’t like.
Harry: Oh, I don’t mind hot .
Wu Ming: OK, then I think that June would be a perfect time for you to visit.
阅读听力材料，读记、翻译下列短语
eat out a lot at least
five meals a day put on five pounds!
What else did you do ? a great place for shopping!
for sure a trip to+地点名词
That’s one thing I didn’t like
June would be a perfect time for you to visit.
四、总结（引深探究 15分钟）
直接引语变为间接引语（二）
---时态变化
直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果从句是过去时，主句要向后退一格时态，变成一种过去时。
1. She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen.
2. She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so.
3. She said,“He will go to see his friend。”
→She said he would go to see his friend. (一般将来 → 过去将来)
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
Eg：
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Eg：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Eg：
Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。
Eg：He said, “I get up at six every morning.”
→He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是
过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
Eg：Peter said，“You had better come have today.”
→Peter said I had better go there that day.
ⅰ. 根据句意及首字母提示，填写单词。
1. you should s the bottle (瓶子) before pouring the orange juice.
2. what’s your attitude t what the kids wear to school?
3. switzerland is the l of watches, and people there are very serious about time.
4. after exercising in the m orning, i usually feel quite r .
5. julie k her mother good night before sh e went to bed.
ⅱ. 根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. you shouldn’t have (leave) so soon at t he party.
2. he is (suppose) to arrive at the station at 8:40.
3. they lay on the beach, (look) up into the blue sky.
4. eating dumplings at the spring festival (be) the custom in our country.
5. i wa s very embarrassed at the party because i (wear) the wrong clothes.
ⅲ. 根据句意和汉语提示，填写恰当的短语完成下列句子。
1. in switzerland it’s very important to be (准时).
2. they (握手) and started a conversation at once.
3. don’t be angry with him. (毕竟), he is still a child.
4. they don’t usually have to (做计划) to meet their friend
5. he lives near the city mall. we can (顺便拜访他家) when we go there for shopping.
ⅳ. 根据括号内所给的词语提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 他们有相当宽松的规定。(pretty relaxed)
2. 我们从未不提前打电话就拜访朋友家。(without)
3. 作为一名学生，你应该努力学习。(be supposed to)
4. 你若晚到一会儿也不要紧。(a bit late)
5. 吃太多的油和盐对我们的健康不利。(eating)
ⅴ. 根据对话内容，在空白处填写恰当的单词，使对话完整、通顺。
a: what do people usually do on chinese new year, lingling?
b: well, most people buy (1) and give them to others.
a: that’s great. i love getting presents. can i (2) the present i receive right at the time?
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 学习掌握下列词汇：intelligent
2）进行一步复习巩固学习Section A 部分所学的生词和词组。
3）掌握如何表达自己喜好的句型。
4）掌握that/which/who引导的定语从句的用法。
2. 能力与发展目标：
1）使学生学会表达自己的喜好。
2）能对自己看过的书籍，电影，听过的CD等进行简单的描述。
3．情感态度价值观目标：
通过表达个人的喜好， 提高自己的欣赏美的水平。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 复习巩固Section A 部分所学的生词和词组，达到熟练运用的目标。
2) 总结 表达个人喜好的不同句型。
3）总结that/which/who引导的定语从句的用法。
2. 教学难点：
that/which/who引导的定语从句的用法。
三、教学过程
I. Revision and Leading in
1. Have a dictation of the newwords learned in the last class.
2. Review some main phrases welearned in the last class. Check the homework.
3. Revision
Whatkind of group/singers/… do you like?
◆ Whatkind of music can’t you stand?
◆ Whatkind of musicians don’t you like?
◆ Whatabout your classmates?
i) 按照要求完成句子,每空一词。1. I like quiet and slow music. (对画线部分进行提问)
____________ ______ ______ do you like?
2. Thatbook is interesting. (同上)
____________ ______ ______ ______ that book?
3. Thatwoman is my teacher. She is wearing a pink T-shirt. (合二为一)
Thewoman ______ ______ ______ a pink T-shirt is my teacher.
1. What kind of music 2. What do you think of 3. who is wearing
ii). 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Sheprefers _______(stay) at home to playing outside.
2. Doyou know a girl ________ (call) Li Na?
3. Bothof Alice’s parents are _________ (music).
4. Shelikes singers who write their own _______ (lyric).
1. staying 2. called 3. musicians 4. lyrics
Warming up
老师找几幅熟悉的歌星、电影明星的图片，让学生用that/who引导的定语从句猜测他们的信息。
引导学生使用定语从句回答问题， 并找部分同学把答案写在黑板上。
II. Grammar Focus
1. 学生阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空练习。
1). 你喜欢哪种音乐？ 我喜欢可以随之歌唱的音乐。
______________ ______ music do you like?
I love music _____ /_____ I can______ ______ _________.
2). 许飞喜欢哪种团队？他更喜欢演奏宁静慢节奏的歌曲的团队。
What kind of _____ _____ XU Fei like?
He ______ group ______/___________ quiet and slow songs.
3). 你喜欢哪种电影？我更喜欢给我带来思考的电影。
____________ ______ ______ _______ _____ ______?
I______ movies ______ /______ ______ ______ _______ ______ _____ ______.
4). 卡门喜欢哪种音乐家？ 他喜欢表演不同音乐的音乐家。
Whatkind of _______ does Carmen like?
Shelikes ______ _______ ______ ______ _______ _______ _______.
1). What kind of, that/which ，sing along with 2). group does, prefers, that/whichplay
3). What kind of movies doyou like , prefer , that/which give me something to think about
4). Musicians, musicians who playdifferent kinds of music
2. 学生们根据记忆，看大屏幕来完成填空练习。
3. 学生们完成填空试题后，可以打开课本检查答案，对错误的句子，单独进行强化记忆。
III. Grammar
定语从句是指在复合句中作定语的从句，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句通常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。本课我们将学
习由关系代词that或which及who引导的定语从句。
which,who, that 引导的定语从句
which,that 和who是定语从句中重要的引导词。下面的例句是由which, that和who引导的定语从句。请同学们仔细观察，然后补全结论部分所缺内容。
【例句】
1. Chinais a country which / that has a long history.
2. Thisis the book which / that my mother bought me yesterday.
3. Theman who / that is standing by the door is her brother.
4. Ilike the boy who / whom / that I met at the party.
【结论】
1. 观察例句1和2可以看出，which引导的定语从句修饰的是____（人/物）。由例句3 和4可知，who引导的定语从句修饰的是_____（人/物）。
2. 由例句1和3可知，which和who在定语从句中可以作_____语；
观察例句2和4可以看出，which和who在定语从句中还可以作____语。
3. 观察例句1和2可以看出，which在定语从句中作主语或宾语时均可由________代替；
由例句3可知，who在定语从句中作主语时，可由________代替；
由例句4可知，who在定语从句中作宾语时，可由________或________代替。
Keys: 物，人，主，宾，that, that, whom, that
【运用】
将下列各题中的两个句子合并为含有that或which引导的定语从句的复合句。
1. The pot is very expensive. It was used by my mom yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________
2. Themagazine is mine. You read it this morning.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Thedog is cute. Tom is looking after it.
_______________________________________________________________
4. Thatis the most interesting film. She has seen the film.
________________________________________________________________
选用that, who, whom 或 which填空。
1. Thegirl _______________ you saw at the meeting is a good swimmer.
2. Thetown ___________ we visited a few years ago is much larger than before.
3.April 1st is a day ____________ is called April Fools’ Day.
4. Thegirl ___________ often helps me with my English is from No. 8 Middle School.
1. who/whom/that;2. which/that; 3. which/that; 4. who/that
IV. Practice
1. Work on4a: Choose words from the different columns to makesentences.
1). 让学生根据表格内容，用定语从句写句子，不同的学生有不同的答案。
2). 让学生体会先行词是物时用that/which引导，先行词是人时，用who/that引导。
2. Work on 4b.
1) 让学生们阅读表格中的内容。
2）让学生阅读4b中的问题。小组展开讨论，完成定语从句。
3) 找部分同学到黑板上写下自己的答案， 共同校正答案。
V. Pair work.
Work on 4c.
A: What kind of food do youenjoy?
B: I enjoy food that is sweet.
…..
Example:
A: Whatkind of groups do you like?
B: Ilike groups that wear really cool clothes.
A:That’s not really important to me. I like groups that can sing.
A: Whatkind of groups don’t you like?
B: Idon’t like groups that sing others’ songs. ….
VI. Exercise
1. Heis the man __________ is ready to help others.
2. Thegirl ________________ I spoke to just now is my friend.
3. Thedress ___________ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.
4. Billlikes music ___________ he can sing along with.
5. Thisis the village __________ I used to live in.
6.Women always like buying many things _____________ they don’t need at all.
7. I’mstudying a subject ___________ I am very interested in.
Keys: 1. that/who 2. that/who 3. that/which 4. that/which 5.that/which 6. that/which 7. that/which
VII. Homework
1. 复习Grammar Focus 中的内容。
2. Make a survey
调查你的家庭成员他们对电影，CD 食物，歌曲， 音乐制作人等的喜好，并写成一个小报告，向你的同学们汇报一下。
板书设计：
Section A 3 (Grammar Focus-4c)
1. Thepot that / which was used by my mom yesterday is very expensive.
2. Themagazine (that / which) you read this morning is mine.
3. Thedog (that / which) Tom is looking after is cute.
4. Thatis the most interesting film (that) she has seen.
教学反思：
快乐学习，合作学习。没有兴趣的学习无异于一种苦役。没有兴趣的地方就没有智慧和灵感。因此在课堂中小老师领学，小组内朗读学习，小组表演，调查活动，让学生在合作中能够人人参与、激发兴趣，感受成功。
一、教学目标：
1. 语言知识目标：
1) 能掌握以下单词：
chopsticks, coin, fork, blouse, silver, glass, cotton, steel, grass, leaf, produce, widely, be known for, process, pack
能掌握以下句型：
① —This ring looks nice. Is it made of silver?
—Yes, and it was made in Thailand.
② What is it made of/from?
③ China is famous for tea, right?
④ Where is tea produced in China?
2) 能够用英语描述及询问物品的制作材料，正确理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
了解一些日常用品的制成材料，增加生活常识，养成良好的生活习惯；
了解一些地方知名产品或传统艺术品的制作过程以及制作材料，培养学生的民族自豪感及爱国主义精神。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点：
1) 掌握本课时中出现的生词
2) 能够用英语描述及询问物品的制作材料
3）正确理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
2. 教学难点：
理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Lead in
1. 播放动画片《造纸过程》的视频，让学生们了解这个中国传统发明的情况。
T: Who invented paper first?
S1: Can Lun invented it in Han dynasty.
T: What was paper made of then?
S2: It was mainly made of bamboo.
T: was it easy for people to make paper then?
S1: No, it was very difficult then.
T: What is paper made of now?
S3: It’s mainly made of wood, bamboo, and cotton.
…
Ⅱ. Presentation
1. Present the sentence structure, using the pictures on the big screen:
—What’s the golden medal made of?
—It’s made of gold.
—Is this table made of wood?
—No, it isn’t. It’s made of glass.
—Is Butter made from meat?
—No. It’s made from cream?
让学生们学习掌握be made of/from句型的.用法，及be made of与be made from的区别。
两词组都是“由……制成的”之意。be made of 指从原料到制成品只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）
be made from指从原料到制成品发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。
Ⅲ. Learning
1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Try to learn the new words using “be made of” structure.
Learn the new words: chopsticks, coin, fork, blouse, silver, glass, cotton, steel, grass, leaf
e.g. This pair of chopsticks are made of bamboo.
This coin is made of silver.
Is this blouse made of cotton?
No, it isn’t. It’s made of silk.
What’s the fork made of?
It’s made of steel.
These pigs like grass very much.
a piece of leaf
Kolas like leaves.
2. Ss discuss with their partner and try to learn the new words.
3. Give Ss five more minutes to remember the new words.
Work on 1a:
Let Ss read the things and materials in 1a. Discuss with their partners and match them with the materials. More than one answer is possible.
What are these things usually made of? Match them with the materials. More than one answer is possible.
1. chopsticks
2. window
3. coin
4. stamp
5. fork
6. blouse
a. wood
b. gold
c. silver
d. paper
e. silk
f. glass
Check the answers with the Ss.
Ⅳ. Listening
1. T: Tell Ss they will hear a conversation about some things and material. Listen and match the products with what they are made of and where they were made.
Things Made of Made in
shirts cotton Korea
chopsticks silver Thailand
ring steel America
2. Let one student read the words in the box, Play the recording for the Ss to listen.
3. Ss try to listen and match the things with the material and here they were made.
4. Play the recording again. Let Ss check the facts they hear.
5. Check the answers
Ⅴ. Pair work
1. Read the conversation in the box in 1c.
2. Ss try to made conversations using the information in 1b.
e.g. A: Your new shirt looks very nice. Is it made of cotton?
B: No, it isn’t. It’s made of silk.
3. Let some pairs read out their conversations.
Ⅵ. Listening
Work on 2a:
T: Let’s listen to another conversation between Nick and Marcus.
1. What are they talking about? First, let’s look at the pictures and the phrases in 1a.
(Let one students read the phrases in 2a.)
Listen and check ( √ ) the main topic of Nick and Marcus’ conversation.
____ the science museum
____ the art and science fair
____ environmental protection
____ a model plane
____ a beautiful painting
____ grass and leaves
2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and check the phrases.
3. Play the recording again to check the answers.
Work on 2b:
1. Let Ss read the sentences below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know what to do.
2. Let Ss read the questions in 2b. Make sure they understand the meaning of each question.
Play the recording for the Ss to answer the questions. (If necessary, using the pause button.)
1) Where is the art and science fair?
_________________________
2) Do Nick and Marcus have to pay to go?
_________________________
3) What is the model plane made of?
_________________________
4) What is the painting made from?
__________________________
3. Play the recording again to check the answers.
4. Play the recording again. Let Ss fill in the blanks of the conversation.
Ⅶ. Pair work
1. Tell Ss to make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.
e.g.
A: What did you see at the art and science fair?
B: I saw a model plane.
A: What is it made of?
B: It’s made of steel, glass, and plastic.
2. Let Ss make their own conversations.
3. Practice their conversations in pairs.
Ⅷ. Role-play
1. Work on 2d
Read the conversation and complete the blanks.
1) Chinese _____________ tea both in the past and now.
2) _________ I know, tea plants _________ on the sides of mountains.
3) When the leaves are ready, they _______ by hand and then _______ for processing.
4) The tea ____________ and sent to many different countries and places around China.
5) People say that tea ___________ ____ health _____ business!
2. Read the conversations and Let Ss read after the teacher.
3. Explain some new words and main points in the conversation.
4. Ask Ss to role-play the conversation in groups.
X. Language points
1. What is the model plane made of?
What is the painting made from?
be made of与be made from 辨析
两词组都是“由……制成的”之意。be made of 指从原料到制成品只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）
be made from指从原料到制成品发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。
e.g. Glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。
The paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的。
2. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are
widely known for their tea.
widely adv. 广泛地；
普遍地
wide (形容词) + ly → widely (副词)
e.g. Gas is widely used for cooking and heating.
天然气被广泛地用于做饭和取暖。
3. Where is tea produced in China?
produce v. 生产；
制造；
出产
英语中有produce, grow和plant三个动词均可用来描述农作物及植物的“种植；
生产；
生长”，但有所区别。
produce指农作物成产量化地“出产”，或自然地“生长出；
长出；
结出(果实)”。
e.g. This region produces over 50% of the country’s rice.
这个地区出产整个国家50%以上的大米。
These trees can produce very good apples.
这些树能结出优质的苹果。
grow表示“种植；
使生长”，着重指种植以后的栽培、生长过程。
e.g. These plants grow from seeds. 这些植物从种子生长而来。
The villagers grow coffee and corn to sell in the market.
村民们种植咖啡和玉米好拿到市场上去卖。
plant侧重“栽种；
播种”这一行为，指把种子或秧苗种到土壤里使之生长。
e.g. How many trees have you planted this year? 今年你们种了多少棵树？
They planted tomatoes and carrots in their backyard.
他们在后院栽种了西红柿和胡萝卜。
3. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.
be known for 以……闻名；
为人知晓
be known for = be famous for
e.g. Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.
苏州以其美丽的园林而闻名于世。
be known as和be known for
be known as意为“作为……而著名”。be known for意为“因……而著名”。
根据句意用be known as或be known for的适当形式填空。
1) Han Han ____________ his writings.
2) As we know, Yao Ming __________ a basketball player.
Homework
I. Recite the conversation in 2d after school.
II. Translation.
1. 这个戒指是银制的。
2. 这种纸是由树木制成的。
3. 油漆是由什么制成的。
4. 杭州因其茶叶而为人知。
5. 据我所知，茶树被种植于山坡上。
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